中国儒法传统下武人心理结构的历史变迁

人是文化哲学的本质和核心,武术文化研究离不开与"武"相关的人本身。以拥有武技的武人在不同历史时期的社会角色及其处境为线索,从儒家、法家的文化传统所代表的现实秩序的兴衰与融合的历史变迁中梳理武人心理结构的演变过程,有助于更真实地理解历史文化变迁中武术与相关传统文化的深层关系。整体来看,不同历史时期国家主流文化驱使下的社会秩序形成外部强制,逐渐使武人的自然性情趋于内隐而转化为自我控制和调整,从而在各自的社会角色中实现了对暴力的文明转化以及自身心理结构的"理性化"。同时,传统武礼、武德的内涵也是在武人不断调整、适应社会的过程中逐步生成与发展的,并承载和体现了一定的儒法传统特征,这一过程整体上也影响了武术的发展走向。

On Historical Changes of Psychological Structure of Martial Arts Practitioners in Confucianism and Legalism Tradition

People are the essence and core of cultural philosophy. The study of martial arts culture is inseparable from the very people related to "martial arts". By taking the social roles of martial arts practitioners and their situations in different periods as historical clues, sorting out the evolutional process of the psychological structure of martial arts practitioners according to the rise and fall of the realistic order represented by the cultural traditions of Confucianism and Legalism is helpful to understanding the deep relationship between martial arts and the related traditional culture in the changes of history and culture. On the whole, the external coercion as a result of the formation of social order driven by the mainstream culture of the country in different historical periods caused the natural disposition of martial arts practitioners to be implicit and gradually transformed it into self-control and self-adjustment. At the same time, the connotation of professional etiquette and ethics is also gradually formed and developed in the process of martial arts practitioners''constantly adjusting and adapting to the society. They carried and embodied certain traditional characteristics of Confucianism and Legalism. Moreover, this process has also affected the development trend of martial arts as a whole.