中国刑事证人保护制度的问题与完善

现行的中国刑事诉讼法与刑法中对于证人保护的规定存在诸多不足。在刑事诉讼法中存在规定保护的义务主体有缺陷;侧重保护人身安全,却忽视了对证人及其亲属财产权和其他合法权益的保护;缺乏实际可操作条款等问题。刑法不但在保护对象上与刑事诉讼法相脱节且无法做到罪责刑相适应。对刑事证人保护制度应当进行重新构建,尤其是要扩大刑事证人保护的主体、保护的范围和拓展刑事证人保护措施。对涉嫌打击报复证人犯罪又触及其他刑事犯罪的,应当按照"择一重罪从重"原则处理。对证人的事前保护比事后保护更重要。建议尽快建立保护证人细化规则体系。

Problems and Perfection of Criminal Witness Protection System in China

At present, there are many shortcomings in the provisions of China''s criminal procedure law and criminal law regarding the protection of witnesses. The subject of compulsory protection is defective, and the protection of the personal safety is emphasized, but the protection of property rights and other legitimate rights and interests of the witnesses and their relatives, and the lack of practical and operable clauses are neglected. The criminal law is divorced from the criminal procedure law on the protection object, and there is a lack of adaptation of crime and punishmen. So, the system of criminal witness protection should be rebuilt, especially in terms of expanding the subjects of the protection of the criminal witness, the scope of the protection and the measures for the protection of criminal witnesses. Those who are suspected of retaliation against witness crimes and who commit other criminal offences shall be punished according to the principle "Choose a felony to execute". Prior protection for witnesses is more important than ex post facto protection. Detailed rules for the protection of witnesses should be established as soon as possible.