《马克思的自然概念》的双重逻辑及其内在矛盾

作为研究马克思自然概念的奠基之作,施密特的《马克思的自然概念》提出了许多影响深远的经典论断,其中最为引人注目的当属自然与社会相互中介的观点。它使施密特避免了在自然与社会之间二者择一的谬误,基本把握住了马克思自然概念实践特征。而自然与社会的相互中介是以主体与客体的非同一为立论前提的,为了确保这种非同一,施密特在突出马克思自然概念的实践特征的同时,又不得不反复重申那个"不能还原为人的社会规定性的自然基质"的存在。实践优先与物质优先兼具的双重逻辑既体现了施密特敏锐的理论思维,也使他的《马克思的自然概念》包含着难以自洽的内在矛盾,并因此呈现出明显的折中主义色彩。

The Dual Logic of Schmidt's the Concept of Nature in Marx and Its Internal Contradictions

As the foundation work of studying Marx''s concept of nature, Schmidt''s Marx''s Concept of Nature puts forward many classical assertions. Among them, the view that nature and society mediate each other has the most far-reaching influence. It made Schmidt not only avoid the fallacy of choosing between nature and society as the predecessors did, but also basically grasp the practical characteristics of Marx''s concept of nature. The mutual mediation between nature and society is based on the premise of the non-identity of the subject and the object. In order to ensure such non-identity, Schmidt, while highlighting the practical characteristics of Marx''s concept of nature, had to repeatedly reiterate the existence of the "natural matrix that cannot be restored to the social stipulation of human beings". The dual logic of "practice priority" and "material priority" not only reflects Schmidt''s sharp theoretical thinking, but also makes his Marx''s Concept of Nature contain internal contradictions that are difficult to reconcile, and thus presents an obvious color of eclecticism.