日本宫殿建筑——京都御所

现存日本古代宫殿建筑群——京都御所。从平安时代开始 ,历代天皇就在京都定居 ,平安宫仿中国唐代长安的大明宫 ,京都御所也继续受其影响。平安宫多次遭火灾 ,多次修复 ,1 371年 ,天皇选中了平安京的东北作为新的皇宫 ,这就是京都御所。到 1 868年 ,即天皇迁都到东京的时候 ,共有2 8位天皇在此即位。京都御所经过 1 2次改造、几乎失去了原来的面貌。然而 ,1 788年 ,由于在社会上兴起平安复古的潮流 ,京都御所重新采用仿平安宫的建筑风格和布局。其中 ,把紫宸殿一组院落布局改为对称 ,但其余的没有轴线 ,极其错落。日本宫殿与中国宫殿的建筑样式、布局、材料有很大的区别 ,日本宫殿没有华贵的材料、鲜艳的色彩、精巧的装饰 ,始终保持着离宫的特色。京都御所也不例外。日本宫殿这种不求华美而崇尚雅洁的建筑 ,在世界建筑中也是少见的。这与日本皇权名存实亡及幕府专政有关

The Imperial Palace of Japan: Kyoto-Gosho in Tokyo

This paper introduces Kyoto Gosho, the imperial palace of Japan. The architectural style of Heian Palace was built in emulation of Daming Gong in Changan, the Tang dynasty capital palace in ancient China. Unfortunately, the original buildings were damaged by several disasters. As a result, the emperor decided to move into today's Kyoto Gosho, which became the official imperial residence in 1331. Due to the fire, Kyoto Gosho had been remoded 12 times .In 1788, based on Heian palace the architectural style of Kyoto Gosho was constructed.Specially, the floor plan of Shishin dan and its surrounding design are the princial edifice of the Imperial Palace. Its layout, style design and chosen materials are totally different from palaces of ancient China. It does not have precious materials and gorgeous onament but it fulfills a peaceful atmosphere. Also , it has no pursuit in wide space and luxurious materials. The Shongunate constructed it against the background of the fall of the Emperor and the absolute ruler. Such an understated palace architecture without embodying extravagant materials and spatial design is indeed rare in the world. It greatly reflects the Japanese civilization and the Tenno System.