农村老年女性的生存状况、社会地位与发展对策——以第三期北京市妇女社会地位调查样本为例

集年龄、地域、性别三种弱势于一体的北京农村老年女性普遍存在受教育程度低、丧偶率高以及健康状况差三个基本特征。在这些特征的影响下,农村老年女性群体浮现出众多生存问题,主要表现在经济收入较低、生活负担较重以及生活方式较单调、家务劳动繁重两个方面。同时,农村老年女性由于政治参与度低,思想较为保守,往往忽视自身的社会功能和价值。对此,应加强社会保障,为农村老年女性提供更多的参与社会生活的机会,并不断改善其生活条件,以切实提高农村老年女性的生活质量。

Survival Situation, Social Status and Development Strategy of Rural Elderly Women --Analysis Based on the Third Survey on the Social Status of Women in Beijing

Rural elderly women in Beijing commonly experience various problems in terms of subsistence and social status. Data demonstrates that the sample groups have three basic characteristics： low levels of education, higher widowed rate, and poor health. Under the influence of these characteristics, rural elderly women face many problems such as low income, heavy burdens, monotonous lifestyles, and too much housework. Meanwhile, their low levels of political participation and conservative mind-sets have led to their social function and value being ignored. In order to improve their living conditions and quality of life, this article proposes that their social security be improved in order to provide them with more opportunities to participate in social life.