诸子学与论理学:中国哲学建构的基石与尺度

清末学术界对诸子思想的重估,使诸子学在清末成为真正独立的学术存在。诸子学被认为与西学相通,是承接近代西学的一座桥梁;西学中源说亦提高了诸子学的地位。诸子学的复兴,与中国哲学作为一门学科的形成有着密不可分的关系。此外,日本的学术资源的双重价值,也促进了中国哲学作为学科的建构。日本学者对中国学术缺乏“系统”、“组织”、“体系”的评论,和对论理学(即逻辑学)作为哲学不可或缺特征之一的推崇,深刻地影响了王国维、梁启超、刘师培、章太炎、胡适等一代学者,使他们脱离无批判地吸收外来知识资源的被动状态,开始用新的知识典范来定下中国哲学的内涵与外延。

Masters Studies and Logic:Cornerstone and Benchmark in the Establishment of Chinese Philosophy

The revival of "masters studies" in the late Qing is intimately connected to the formation of Chinese philosophy as a academic discipline in China. The scholarly reappraisal of the thought of the masters contributed to masters studies becoming an independent field of learning. This was enchanced by the popular thesis that the origins of Western learning could be traced to ancient China. Moreover, Japanese scholarship also stimulated the establishment of Chinese philosophy as an academic discipline. The evaluation made by Japanese scholars that Chinese scholarship lacked system and organization, and the high store they placed on logic, profoundly influenced thinkers such as Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Zhang Taiyan, Hu Shi and so on. The dual role played by Japanese scholarship (as critical stimulator and as a vehicle enabling Chinese scholars to make their own assessments of Chinese philosophy) led these scholars to move from a passive uncritical acceptance of foreign sources of knowledge to a situation where they began to use the new knowledge paradigms to define the content and scope of the Chinese philosophy.