转型期中国农地最适所有权安排——一个制度经济分析视角

本文基于新制度经济学的分析体系,从农业绩效优化的角度探讨了转型期中国农地所有权的最适安排模式。研究结果表明,在中国转型期间,农地集体所有制无疑要优于私有产权和国有产权。这主要是由于市场化程度的相对落后以及国有制下多层委托—代理关系的高成本弊端等因素的限制,使得农地所有权的私有化和国有化往往是低效或是无效的;而农地集体所有制则随着排他性权利的赋予、农地市场的开放以及村民自治等方面的完善,弥补了私有制和国有制的诸多缺陷,成为一种相对较优的所有权安排模式。

The Best Arrangement about Farmland in China's Economic Transition——an Analysis Made from the Perspective of Institutional Economics

Based on the analytical framework of new institutional economics,and from the perspective of agricultural performance optimization,we have explored the optimal ownership arrangement of farmland during China's economic transition.The result indicates that,during China's economic transition,the collective ownership of farmland is undoubtedly more effective than private and state ownership,mainly because of the restrictions of such factors as China's imperfect market and high transaction cost of complex principal-agent relationship under state ownership,which often cause the privatization of farmland ownership and nationalization to achieve low even no efficiency,and that,with the grant given of exclusive rights and with the perfection of opening up farmland markets and the autonomy enjoyed by villagers,the collective ownership of farmland remedies many drawbacks of private or state ownership,turning out to be a relatively better model of ownership arrangement.