长江经济带生态效率评价及收敛性分析

构建衡量生态效率的投入产出指标体系，采用基于Malmquist-Luenberger指数法的超效率DEA模型，对长江经济带及上中下游2003—2013年生态效率进行评价，并测算了生态效率差异性及收敛性。实证研究结果显示：长江经济带各省市生态效率总体平均水平较高，下游生态效率高于平均水平，中游和上游低于平均水平；生态效率区域差异性显著，省际间差异均明显高于上中下游间差异，但差异性趋势减缓；长江经济带层面生态效率σ收敛大体上呈现出“总体收敛，局部发散”的特点，上中下游区域呈现出生态效率σ收敛和绝对β收敛，这表明长江经济带存在生态协调发展的有利环境。经济“新常态”下，应该更加注重长江经济带一体化发展进程，让下游区域高新技术向中、上游区域转移，各省市应结合自身生态效率发展状况特点推进生态文明建设，缩小区域间生态效率差异，促进生态协调发展。

Evaluation of Ecological Efficiency and Convergence of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the Perspective of Coordinated Development

This paper establishes an input-output index system to measure ecological efficiency, using the super efficiency DEA model based on Malmquist-Luenberger index and evaluating ecological efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Belt and upstream, midstream and downstream from years 2003 to 2012,and calculates the differences and convergence of the ecological efficiency. The results show that, the overall average ecological efficiency of 11 provinces in Yangtze River Economic Belt is relatively high; the ecological efficiency of downstream is higher than that of the average; midstream and upstream is lower than that of the average. The regional difference of ecological efficiency is significant and differences among provinces are higher than upstream, midstream and downstream and the difference tendency has slowed down.The convergence of ecological efficiency generally exhibits overall convergence, local divergence; the upstream, midstream and downstream showing ecological efficiency convergence and absolute convergence. This shows that the Yangtze River economic belt has a favorable environment for the harmonious development of the ecological environment. Under the New Normal, we should pay more attention to the integration of the Yangtze River economic belt development process,make the high technology transfer from downstream to midstream and upstream, combine the development of ecological efficiency with the construction of ecological civilization and narrow the gap between different regions and promote the coordinated development of ecology.