“道德”概念在近现代中国的意义转换

从构词上说,道德无疑是汉语词,但因近代西学的引入以及假借日本而获得的新学,道德概念逐渐起了变化。古代中国传统道德的含义主要是伦常名教,与修身养性有关,其功效在于维护封建纲常伦理,所以,道德成为了传统中国思想的根基,近代中国如何看待道德、如何改造道德的激烈争论也源于此。20世纪初,人们开始采用西方心理学、哲学来解释道德,道德的学理色彩加重,逐渐将它与人格、心理活动、社会风俗等现象联系起来,使道德具有了新内容。民国以后,在国共两党的论战中,道德被全面政治化、社会化了,道德的相对性、工具性也由此被突出,人们在道德上的理性、个性化的思考日渐式微。道德作为学科仅仅停留在课本上,在社会生活中它已经成为意识形态的主要组成部分。

The Translation and Meaning's Transforming of Morality as a Concept in Modern China

Moral is a Chinese concept,but its meaning has gradually transformed since modern Western theories via Japan came.In ancient China,moral meant the permanence of traditional social doctrine,which was realized by cultivating one's moral character,its function in sustaining the feudalist system.So the question of how to transform traditional moral became an important one.By the beginning of 20th century,Western psychological and philosophical theories had been used to analyze moral,such as personality,psychol...