“一·二八事变”与上海“自由市”计划始末

20世纪30年代初,上海的公共租界当局陷入了空前的统治危机之中,日本政府利用公共租界的统治危机以及上海外国侨民谋求改变上海现状、企图把上海建成自由王国的动态,悍然发动了一.二八事变。事变爆发后,日本政府与上海公共租界更是里应外合,大力推进上海自由市计划,并积极倡导召开圆桌会议,谋求上海成为自由市。然而,这一计划不仅遭到了上海各界民众以及国民政府的反对,同时也未得到美、英、法等国的支持。尽管自由市计划没有实现,但却影响深远。一.二八事变后,中日矛盾上升为中国的主要矛盾,客观上转移了中国对收回上海租界的关注,使租界延长了寿命;而日本的远东宪兵威力也得到了上海公共租界的承认,日本在公共租界中的地位不断上升。美国对日本建议成立自由市的反对态度,使九一八事变后的日美关系更加恶化;一.二八事变后的第二年,日本退出了国际联盟。

Incident of January 28 and the Whole Story of the Plan of Shanghai Free City

The past special research and works believed the historical reason of the outbreak of Incident of Jan.28 was that Japan wanted to transfer the attention of international from its invasion of Manchuria.There were no further research and discussion to why Japan could make incident in Shanghai,where the great powers had complex benefits.The International Settlement fell in a unprecedented crisis of rule in early 1930's.Japanese government attempted to use this crisis and the demand of reform from the foreigner...