历史哲学与科学哲学

沃尔什《历史哲学导论》主要探讨所谓分析的历史哲学。分析的历史哲学重点涵盖四组基本问题,即历史学中的"史实"真理性问题、解释问题、预言问题和客观性问题,质言之,历史学是不是科学的问题。本文将这四组问题与科学哲学中的同类问题进行了比较研究,并进一步以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义观点剖析了现代西方历史哲学和科学哲学中共同的基础性问题。由此得到的结论是:历史学不仅是一门科学,而且就是一门自然科学意义上的科学。

The Philosophy of History and the Philosophy of Science

The Philosophy of History: An Introduction by W.H.Walsh deals mainly with the so-called analytic philosophy of history which generally covers four issues,namely,the truth of fact,interpretation,prediction and objectivity in history.In a word,it tries to answer whether history is one of the sciences.This paper compares the four issues in the philosophy of history with their counterparts in the philosophy of science,and furthermore,dissects the basic common questions in the modern philosophy of history and philosophy of science with dialectic materialism and historical materialism.It concludes that history is not only one of the sciences,but also a science in the sense of natural science.