从股东资格解除到股东失权的嬗变

《公司法司法解释三》第17条对于督促股东及时缴纳出资、保护公司和其他利害关系人利益具有重要作用。但是该条适用条件严格，并将股东除名与股东失权两个不同的制度混在一起，可能被具有不法企图的股东轻易规避或不当利用。股东资格解除与股权冻结并没有必然联系，不能以股权冻结为由，阻碍不履行出资义务之股东被解除股东资格。《公司法修订草案》第46条对前述第17条做出重大改进，首次出现“失权”措辞，并细化催缴出资的程序，规范丧失股权后的处理。该条实质上厘清了股东资格和股权之间的逻辑关系。但是在股东平等原则的贯彻、公司权力的分配以及丧失股权之股东的责任等方面，仍需进一步解释。

The Transmutation from Disqualification of Shareholders to Loss of Equity

Section 17 of Company Law Judicial Interpretation III plays an important role in urging shareholders to timely pay their capital contributions, and protecting the interests of the company and other stakeholders. However, this section applies strict conditions and mixes the two different systems of shareholder disqualification and loss of equity, which may be easily evaded or improperly used by shareholders with illegal intentions. There is no necessary connection between the qualification of shareholder and the freezing of equity, and shareholders who fail to fulfill the obligations of capital contribution can not be prevented from being disqualified as shareholders by reason of equity freezing. Section 46 of Company Law Draft Amendment makes a significant improvement on aforesaid section 17 by introducing for the first time the wording of loss of equity, detailing the procedures for calling in capital contributions and standardizing the treatment of loss of equity. In essence, section 46 clarifies the logical relationship between shareholder qualification and equity, but it still needs further explanation in the implementation of the principle of shareholder equality, the distribution of power in the company and the responsibility of shareholders who lose their equity.