一体化应急应战协作网络结构与演进——以自然灾害和事故灾难事件为例

构建一体化应急应战体系是提升一体化国家战略能力的重要内容。然而，现阶段中国一体化应急应战组织模式尚不清晰，机构间协调关系有待明确。运用社会网络分析法，以部际横向协调机制为视角，绘制了一体化应急应战协作网络。在构建“核心度百分比排名—限制度百分比排名”二维框架的基础上，从时间维度分析网络形态、机构角色定位和机构间互动关系的演化情况以及协作网络的演化逻辑。结果表明:中国一体化应急应战协作网络呈现出整体结构不断优化与核心机构功能提升相互促进的演化模式，网络中机构职能的逐步整合和完善在一定程度上促进了整体网络结构的不断优化。同时，中国应急应战协作网络中的核心机构集合呈现出由“多元弱核心”→“稳定强核心”的变迁过程，应急应战体系也由单一危机事件或单一灾种的导向特征转变为统筹协调、多危机事件多灾种耦合的应急应战响应模式。在网络演化逻辑方面，中国应急应战体系呈现出机构改革推动与国家危机管理需求拉动的双向驱动模式。在此基础上，从“管理机制”“力量建设”“资源共享”等三个方面对中国一体化应急应战体系建设提出了相关的建议。

Structure and Evolution of Integrated Emergency-defense Cooperation Network—Taking Natural Disasters and Accidents as Examples

The establishment of an integrated emergency-defense system is an important part of enhancing the national strategic capabilities of integration. The social network analysis method was used in this study. The integrated emergency-defense system collaborative network map was drawn from the perspective of the inter-ministerial horizontal coordination mechanism. Based on the "Core Degree Percentage-Limitation Percentage Ranking" two-dimensional framework, the evolution of cooperation network, organization role and interaction between organizations, as well as the evolution logic of collaboration network, were analyzed from the time dimension. The results show that China's integrated emergency-defense cooperation network presents an evolutionary model in which the overall structure is continuously optimized and the core institutions are promoted. The gradual integration and improvement of the network functions in the network promotes the continuous optimization of the overall network structure. At the same time, the core institutions in China's emergency-defense cooperation network have formed a transition process from "diverse weak core" to "stable strong core". The emergency-defense system has also been transformed from a single crisis event or a single disaster-oriented feature to co-ordination, multi-crisis events and multi-hazard coupling emergency-defense mode. In terms of network evolution logic, China's emergency-defense system presents a two-way driving model driven by institutional reform and national crisis management needs. On this basis, relevant recommendations were proposed from the "management system", "power construction", and "resource sharing" of China's integrated emergency-defense system construction.