Denying the data: Learning from the accomplished sciences |
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Authors: | Eric M Leifer |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 10027 New York, New York |
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Abstract: | Accomplished sciences are distinguished by an active orientation to data. Rather than explaining passive observations or even laboratory results, these sciences put a premium on creating effects or objects never before observed. Theories provide a basis for denying the data, in showing how nature can be better organized to produce some new effect or object. In this paper, a method for constructing these theories is developed. A sociological application is carried out to the point where an accomplishment is claimed. A very peculiar object is discovered — a relationship. Though it does not resemble anything we may have ever observed, it offers to groping actors a guide to something that works and hence could become something that is commonly observed. Likely scruples are addressed that might block the pursuit of such accomplishments. |
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Keywords: | theory construction symmetries methods relationships accomplishment science |
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