Optimality of Equal vs. Unequal Cluster Sizes in Multilevel Intervention Studies: A Monte Carlo Study for Small Sample Sizes

Optimality of equal versus unequal cluster sizes in the context of multilevel intervention studies is examined. A Monte Carlo study is done to examine to what degree asymptotic results on the optimality hold for realistic sample sizes and for different estimation methods. The relative D-criterion, comparing equal versus unequal cluster sizes, almost always exceeded 85%, implying that loss of information due to unequal cluster sizes can be compensated for by increasing the number of clusters by 18%. The simulation results are in line with asymptotic results, showing that, for realistic sample sizes and various estimation methods, the asymptotic results can be used in planning multilevel intervention studies.