略述美国史学评论与总结机制

美国有一套行之有效的史学评论体系,美国历史协会和相关学术团体、学术杂志及知名学者,发起组织并加督促。各种史学杂志以一半左右的篇幅,对美国新出版的著作进行有效的评价,书评由编辑组织、知名学者主导,对历史研究起到了很好的监督和引导作用。而史学家们对于相关领域长时段研究状况进行专题和理论性的评论,对该领域的研究也起到了引导、约束的作用。美国的史学评论体系可以给我们一些有益的启示。

On the System of American Historical Review

The American Historical Association and other historical organizations, history journals and some famous historians take the key positions for putting an effective measure of historical review into effect in the USA. Various historical journals publish a lot of book reviews which are almost one half contents of a journal, and most of the new books can be reviewed, which is one of the most important methods to keep the historical researches regularly and fairly. It is the editors of the historical journals rather than the authors of the books who are the organizers of the book reviews that is the key factor to guarantee the quality of book reviews. The monographic reviews in some fields can lead the research direction and improve the research level. We can gain a good deal of useful enlightenment from the system of American historical review.