湖南省乡村非物质文化遗产空间格局与旅游利用潜力研究

以根源性、在地性、历时性为标准，对湖南省国家级和省级乡村非遗项目进行筛选，并借助GIS空间分析技术，研究湖南省乡村非遗旅游资源的类型结构和空间分布特征；同时，以昂普理论（R-M-P）为依据，构建评价指标体系，对各评价单元的乡村非遗资源旅游利用潜力进行评价。结果表明：湖南省乡村非遗类型分布不均衡，传统技艺与民俗类乡村非遗占比较高；湖南省乡村非遗空间分布不均衡，整体呈现“西部集聚、南北部集中、东部较少”的特征，形成1个集核区、3个带状高密度区和多个中密度区；湖南省乡村非遗旅游整体利用潜力大，但地区性差异显著。据此，建议高潜力区将乡村非遗资源与热门旅游景点有机结合，并借助乡村非遗节庆和民俗活动，推广乡村非遗项目；中潜力区借助特色文化活动，开发乡村非遗文旅路线，并加强与周边地区联动，开发跨区域的乡村非遗旅游路线；低潜力区加强乡村非遗项目的挖掘、整理和申报，推动乡村非遗保护与传承的机制创新。

Spatial Pattern and Tourism Utilization Potential of Rural Intangible Cultural Heritage in Hunan Province

Based on the criteria of originality, locality and diachrony, this study screens the national and provincial intangible cultural heritage projects in Hunan Province. GIS spatial analysis techniques are employed to study the types, structure, and spatial distribution characteristics of rural intangible cultural heritage tourism resources in Hunan province. Based on the R-M-P theory, an evaluation index system is constructed to assess the tourism potential of rural intangible cultural heritage resources in each evaluation unit. The results reveal an imbalanced type distribution, where the intangible cultural heritage with traditional skills and folk customs accounts for a relatively higher proportion. The spatial distribution is also uneven, characterized by agglomeration in the west, concentration in the north and south, and scarcity in the east, thus forming a core region, three belt-shaped high-density regions, and multiple medium-density regions. Despite a great overall tourism potential of rural intangible cultural heritage in Hunan province, there are notable regional disparities. Accordingly, suggestions are made for different regions. Regions with high potential should integrate rural intangible cultural heritage resources with popular tourist attractions and promote rural intangible cultural heritage projects through festivals and folk activities. By organizing distinctive cultural events, the medium potential regions can develop rural intangible cultural heritage tourism routes and enhance connectivity with neighboring areas to establish cross-regional tourism routes. The regions with low potential should focus on excavating, sorting out, and nominating rural intangible cultural heritage projects, so as to advance mechanism innovation for the protection and inheritance of rural intangible cultural heritage.