东汉末年南匈奴南迁的前后

东汉永和五年，南匈奴左部发动叛乱，暴露了南匈奴内部矛盾的加剧。东汉朝廷的直接干预，更导致南单于传承秩序进入无序状态。匈奴屠各种在其尊贵地位受到威胁时，以血统为旗帜，奋起抗争，从而使南匈奴由内讧走向分裂。南匈奴左部叛乱后，东汉朝廷迁徙西河、上郡、朔方等郡治至内地，但南单于庭并未同时南迁。除於扶罗部外，南匈奴部众在东汉末年才陆续离开缘边五郡南迁。南下的南匈奴实际上分成河东的於扶罗部、离石的左部和新兴的刘豹部等三股势力。曹操统一北方时，留南单于呼厨泉为人质，以右贤王去卑“归监其国”，而分其众为五部，南匈奴的三股势力又合而为一了。

The History of the Southern Xiongnu Moving Southward in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty

In 141,the resurgence of the south Xiongnu revealed the severity of the conflicts between the tribes of the South Xiongnu.The direct interference of the Donghan government was responsible for the difficulty to choose the legal inheritor of Chanyu.When his honorable title was threatened,Chu Ge tribe of the Xiongnu fought bravely with the slogan of "blood relationship" to support him;thus the south Xiongnu was divided into different groups.After the resurgence of the South Xiongnu,the government of the Eastern Han Dynasty moved all the way through the states such as Xihe,Shangjun.Shuofang etc to the inland;however,at the same time the government of Chanyu of the South Xiongnu was not moved southward.In the later yeares of the Eastern Han Dynasty,with the exception of Yufuluo tribe,the tribes of the South Xiongnu were beginning to leave the five prefectures of the outskirt and to move southward.The South Xiongnu moving southward were in fact divided into three parts: Yufuluo tribe in Hedong,Zuo tribe of Lishi and the newly formed Liubao tibe.When Caocao reunited the North Part,Chanyu Huchuquan of the South Xiongnu was kept as hostage and Youxian King Qubei was sent to govern the South Xiongnu.From then on,with the disappearance of the three former tribes,five new ones appeared.