心理学的影响与“五四”小说的变革

心理学对于"五四"小说的变革有着重要的影响。"五四"小说借助于心理学的影响,实现了中国小说艺术模式的转变。这一转变的核心问题,是小说把艺术表现的重点由人的外部生活世界转向人的内部精神世界。这形成了小说艺术特质从古典到现代的重大变化。实现这一转变的原因当然主要是文化环境的变革和西方现代文学思潮的影响,但心理学的作用也是不可忽视的。首先,心理学为"五四"作家提供了新的知识结构和思维方式,加深了"五四"小说对人的认识和表现的深度,促成了以情感抒发和心理显示为主要追求的"心理小说"写法的大量出现。其次,心理学帮助作家去深入探讨人的深层心灵活动,使他们可以借助心理学知识,直接进入人物的心理世界,对人的心理世界进行科学的观察与探求,从而能够塑造出具有现代人精神深度的人物形象,丰富了"五四"小说作为"人的文学"的内涵。再次,心理学促进了作家对小说性质和特点的理解,推动他们对小说的叙事视角、叙事结构、叙述技巧和描写手法等艺术方法进行积极的探索与尝试,最终形成了小说艺术模式的全面变革。第四,心理学帮助作家深化了对西方现代文学思潮的理解,为"五四"小说借鉴外来新潮小说艺术从而实现中国小说艺术模式的变革提供了重要条件。

Influence of Psychology and Reform of Novels during the "May Fourth" Period

Psychology has strong influence on the "May Fourth" fiction.With the aid of the impact of psychology,the "May Fourth" fiction realizes the change in artistic pattern of Chinese fiction.The heart of the change is that the novels have shifted the focus of artistic expression from the external living world to the internal spiritual world.That evolves the great change of the artistic characters between classics and modernity.Without doubt,causes for this change are mainly the transformation of cultural environment and the influence of the trends in modern western literature,but the effect of psychology cannot be ignored.First,psychology provides the "May Fourth" writers with new knowledge structure and mode of thinking,which deepens the depth in understanding and expressing the humans,and helps to bring about the large emergence of "psychological novels" with the emotional expression and psychological demonstration as their chief pursuit.Secondly,psychology helps the writers to probe deeply into the spiritual action,thus enriches the intension of the "May Fourth"fiction as a kind of"human literature".Thirdly,psychology advances the writers'understanding toward the nature and characters of novels,and finally forms total changes in the artistic pattern of fiction.At last,psychology provides important conditions for realizing the change in artistic pattern of Chinese fiction through using the reference of new foreign novel art.