南宋理学极盛的过程与原因试析

宋代理学到南宋孝宗、宁宗时期达到极盛 ,但无论从理学道统承传方面还是从社会政治条件方面看 ,孝宗之前的高宗朝实为理学发展的关键时期。理学由北宋时的民间之学发展到南宋时占主导地位的学派 ,活跃于高宗朝的程门弟子对二程学说的极力推展是一重要因素。同时 ,面对激烈的民族矛盾 ,高宗集团选择了主和派的妥协主张 ,并有意识地寻找与这一政策相适应的学术思想作为其理论根据 ,程系理学正是在这一现实政治需要中得到高宗集团的接纳、支持而逐渐繁荣兴盛起来。到孝宗朝 ,朱熹使理学形成庞大的思想体系 ,标志着中国古典哲学进入了一个新阶段。

An Exploration into How and Why the Confucian School of Idealist Philosophy of the Southern Song Dynasty Reached Its Prime Time

The Confucian School of Idealist Philosophy of the Southern Dong Dynasty reached its prime time in Xiao Zong and Ning Zong Ages in the Song Dynasty. Nevertheless,no matter from the perspective of the dissemination of the classic theories or from the perspective of social and political conditions, Gao Zong Age which preceded Xiao Zong Age should take the credit for the development of the Confucian School of Idealist Philosophy.It rose from a school of idealist philosophy studies which were popular among folks to a school which occupied the dominant role in the Southern Song Dynasty.The rise should on one hand be contributed to the Cheng Brothers who spared no effort to recommended and spread their thoughts in Gao Zong Age.On the other hand,encountered with the ever-escalating ethnical contradictions,the governing bloc in Gao Zong Age which followed the compromising side's advice was searching for certain philosophy which could prop up their policies philosophically. As a result,the Cheng Brothers' school of Confusian Idealist Philosophy which met the need,gained the governing bloc's acceptance and support,and gradually prospered.Till Xiao Zong Age,Zhu Xi synthesized all accepted thoughts and theories and developed them into a comprehensive philosophical system,which also marked a new milestone for the Chinese classical philosophy.