困境与出路:后集体时代农村五保供养工作研究

实地调查资料显示,目前我国农村五保供养工作日益面临困境,主要体现在五个方面:五保对象应保尽保难、供养标准落实难、全面实现五保难、实施敬老院集中供养难、地区供养负担不均衡。农村集体的消解和五保供养制度调整滞后,是五保供养工作陷入困境的主要原因。基于此,必须尽快改进五保供养工作,进一步明确各级政府在五保供养中的责任,及时调整五保供养制度,完善农村社会救助体系。

Dilemmas and Solutions: A Study on "Wubao" in Post-collective Rural China

Wubao"(or five-assistances)is the fundamental social security policy in rural China, which refers to providing the most basic material conditions(including food, clothing, housing, medical care and burial)to the most vulnerable persons. Nowadays, however, such policy confronts with increasing dilemmas, which are represented in the five crucial problems, namely, (1)hard to realized "the need is the assisted ",(2)hard to implement the assistance standards entirely,(3)hard to copy with the widening scale of the need,(4)hard to provide all the aged with enough caring facilities. And finally, the burden is unbalanced in different regions. The origin of all problems is the mal-correspondence of the lagged policy to the great rural change characterized by the collapse of collective economy. The policy-proposals therefore is that, aiming to improve the rural social assistance systems, the government at different levels should clarify their own responsibilities, and regulate in time this policy to the real situation.