影响智力测验公正性的情境因素分析

传统智力测验理论认为智力可以被普遍而有效地测量，这一传统主流文化观强调智力测验的包容性、普遍性和权威性。当代智力测验理论反驳主流文化观，认为智力测验对不同文化群体有不公正表现，原因是情境因素的客观存在。情境因素是在社会中，与种族有关的经济、生态文化、政治、教育资源等各种因素的融合。通过分析情境因素对智力测验的影响，提出对情境因素的重视是当代智力测验发展的方向和必然趋势。

An Analysis of the Influence of Situational Factors on Fairness of Intelligence Test

The traditional intelligence measurement theory argues that intelligence can be tested effectively. This mainstream view of the traditional culture emphasizes the tolerance, universality and authority of the intelli- gence test. However, the contemporary theory of the intelligence tests refutes the mainstream view. It holds that the intelligence test may show bias towards different cultural groups because of the objective existence of situational fac- tors. Situational factors include different factors in society such as race-related economy, ecological culture, politics and educational resources. Through the analysis of the effects of situational factors on the intelligence test, this paper proposes that the emphasis on situational factors is the development orientation and inevitable trend in the contempo- rary intelligence test.