清末放垦蒙地的实质及其对蒙古经济社会发展的影响

20世纪初,清政府面临内忧外患、财政拮据的严重危机,这一背景决定了清末放垦蒙地的实质就是聚敛蒙财,以充帑银。放垦蒙地虽然使蒙古地区的农耕业有了空前的扩展,丰富了蒙古地区的经济生活,但从总体上来说,导致了严重的农牧冲突,激化了民族和阶级矛盾,造成了影响深远的生态环境破坏。因此,清末放垦蒙地对蒙古经济社会的发展所带来的主要是负面效应。

The Essence of Assarting Mongolian Land in the Late Qing Dynasty and Its Impact on the Development of Mongolian Economy Society

At the beginning of the 20~(th) century,the Qing government was confronted with both domestic troubles and foreign invasion.The finance of the government was trapped into severe crisis.Under such circumstances,the assart of Mongolian land in the late Qing dynasty was actually aimed at collecting the wealth of Mongolian people to fill the national treasury.The essence of such a policy determined that the assart of Mongolian land in the late Qing dynasty had brought mainly negative effects to the development of Mongolian economy society.