军机处—政事堂—侍从室——个人独裁体制的沿袭与变异

军机处、政事堂、侍从室,这3个不同政权的看似无联系的机构,反映了1个共同点清王朝的雍正帝和民国时期的袁世凯、蒋介石都在谋求得到超越常规的无上权力,为此他们共同的做法是设置超越法定权力机构之外的权力机构.本文尝试着从统治者个人、政体运行体制、世人的认同感等方面,对这3个机构进行比较,着重论述个人专制主义在其中的延续性以及由于时代不同而发生的变化.

Military Confidental Department-Political Affairs Hall-Retinue Office--the Inheritance and Change of Individual Dictatorship System

Military confidential department, political affairs hall and retinue office these organizations of three different political powers, seemingly unrelated, reflect one point in common: the Emperor Yongzhen in the Qing Dynasty and Yuan Shi kai, Jiang Jie shi in the period of the Republic of China were all the people who strove for the absolute power overstepping common practice. Therefore, the common way of their achieving the evil purpose is to establish the body of power which went beyond the legality. Here, the article had an attempt to make a comparison of the three kinds of setups in the light of the rulers themselves, the operating system of government, the acknowledging feelings of common people and so on, putting emphasis on the discussion of the individual autocracy inherent in them and its change with the times passing.