国家、市场与西南：明清时期的西南政策与“古苗疆走廊”市场体系

中国自秦汉以来就注重对西南的经营，宋代对西南政策有一个大的变化，即逐渐由过去的政治、军事政策向经济政策转变；明代为了构建从西北到西南的整个国家防御体系，建立了从湖广经贵州到云南的“通道”，并在沿线设置卫所，进行军事化移民，形成一个国家化民族走廊，即“古苗疆走廊”。明清时期，国家对西南的经营在加强军事、政治控制的基础上，开设市场、利用市场对西南非汉族群进行渗透与控制，由此，在“古苗疆走廊”形成一个一体化程度较高的市场带，这一市场带不仅成线性分布，而且处于汉苗之间，成为民族贸易的节点。清代，国家正是利用市场，将“古苗疆走廊”市场向“苗疆”渗透，将“苗疆”纳入全国乃至世界市场体系。

Country, Market and Southwest:The Policies for the Southwest of China during the Ming and the Qing Dynasty and the Market System of the "Ancient Miao Territory Corridor"

China has paid great attention to the administration of its Southwest ever since the Qin and the Han Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty, there was a big change in the policy to the Southwest, shifting gradually from a focus on politics and military in the past to that on economy. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to construct the whole national defense system from the northwest to the southwest, the court ordered to build a ＂road＂ from Huguang by Guizhou to Yunnan, and set up outposts along the ＂road＂ for militarized immigration, which became a nationalized ethnic corridor that we call ＂The Ancient Miao Territory Corridor＂. In the Ming and the Qin Dy- nasty, besides strengthening the military and political control, the country penetrated and controlled the south- western non -Han minorities by opening and exploiting markets there. By then, there was a market with high in- tegration, which was not only linear in distribution but also located between the Miao and the Han living areas. It became a national trade node. In the Qing Dynasty, the country took advantages of this market to penetrate the ＂Ancient Miao Territory Corridor＂ through to the ＂Miao Territory＂, and involved the ＂Miao Territory＂ into the national and international market system.