论辽朝部族组织的历史演变及其社会职能

辽朝建立后 ,契丹族的部族组织更加规范化和制度化 ,统治者通过对部族组织、部族统领体制、部族长官选任方式的调整 ,加强了对部族组织的控制 ,限制和削弱了部族长官和权贵的政治特权 ,使部族组织成为听命于专制集权的统治工具。部族组织具有军政合一、亦兵亦民的特征 ,集行政、生产、军事三种职能于一身。辽朝的部族组织在维护统治秩序中发挥了重要作用 ,但在特定的条件下又成为导致政局动荡的危险因素。

Tribe - nation System of the Liao Dynasty and Its Social Function

After the Liao Dynasty was established ,not only the Qidan's tribe organizations became more standard and systematic but the ruler also made some adjustments to the tribe organizations and tribe leading system.Meanwhile ,the mode of appointing officials was also reformed ,which thereby strengthened the control of the tribe organization,limited and weakened the political privileges of those tribe officials and nobles.It made the tribe organizations completely yield to the ruler.In addition,the tribe-nation system had the characters of military-political integration and soldier-civilian integration. It possessed simultaneously three functions,i.e. administration, production and military. In short, the tribe-nation system gave full play to the maintaining ruling orders. But in some special instances the system became the dangerous factors responsible for the political turbulents.