性别视角下的迁移历程研究——基于中国1930～1969年出生队列的分析

利用2014年中国健康与养老追踪调查生命历程数据,探究中国1930～1969年出生队列的迁移历程及其性别差异,运用事件史分析方法解释重要生命事件(教育、就业、婚姻、生育)对男性和女性迁移历程的影响。研究结果表明,不同出生年代人口的迁移历程呈现明显的队列差异和性别差异;与1940～1949年和1950～1959年出生队列相比,1930～1939年和1960～1969年出生队列在迁移高峰年龄(20～24岁)时的政策限制较少而终身累计迁移频率更高,性别差异也更显著;教育和非农就业转移会促进终身迁移机会,较早结婚和较多生育的作用则相反;非农就业转移对女性的多次迁移有更明显的促进作用,会缩小男女之间的迁移差距;结婚和生育会降低迁移概率,而离婚会增加迁移概率,这些事件对女性的影响更大。

Migration History from a Gender Perspective:Based on 1930-1969 Birth Cohorts

Drawing on data from the Life History Survey of CHARLS, this paper analyzes the migration history and gender differences of 1930-1969 birth cohorts in China, and examines the effects of major life events(education, employment, marriage and childbirth) using event history analysis. The results indicate significant cohort and gender differences. Compared with the birth cohorts of 1940-1949 and 1950-1959, cohorts of 1930-1939 and 1960-1969 experienced fewer policy restrictions at age 20-24. Therefore, these cohort groups show higher lifetime completed migration rates and larger gender gap. Education and employment opportunities increase the chances for lifetime migration, while early marriage and childbearing have opposite effects. Employment opportunities increase the chances for multiple migrations for women and narrow the gender gap in migration. Marriage and childbearing reduce the probability of subsequent migration, and divorce increases the probability of migration. The impacts of these three factors are bigger for women than for men.