《型世言》程度副词句法语义分析

《型世言》中的程度副词与现代汉语程度副词既有相同的一面,又有不同的一面。《型世言》中的语言事实说明,不同的共时平面,程度副词的组合功能是不一样的。程度副词主要修饰谓语,做状语是它普遍的、经常的用法。还有一些可以做补语,其中共有“极、之极、甚、异常、不胜”5个程度副词。《型世言》中有少数程度副词如“极、更、越、一发、何等”有时可以异位位于整个谓语结构前,而不紧附在它所修饰的词语前。异位不只是为了使程度副词在行文中显得突出,同时也为了加强语气。《型世言》中程度副词的这种用法和近代汉语定中结构的定语和中心成分之间可以不加结构助词的语法规律是一致的。重视这些语法现象并把它们之间的不同揭示出来,对近代汉语程度副词以及整个汉语语法史的研究有着重要的意义。

Analyzing Syntactically and Semantically Degree Adverbs in Xing Shi Yan

Degree adverbs in Xing Shi Yan and modern Chinese have similar characteristics and different ones as well.The language in Xing Shi Yan shows these adverbs serve different compounding function in various synchronic planes.Commonly used as a modifier of predicate and adverbial modifier,some of them also function as complements in the form of words,"ji,zhiji,shen,yichang,busheng".A few of them "ji,geng,yue,yifa,hedeng," are even prior to the whole predicate rather than attached before their headword in order to highlight their position and stress tone.The displacement is accordant with modern attribute-headword rules without the aid of auxiliary words.Therefore,studying and revealing their difference has an important meaning for researching modern degree adverbs and the whole history of Chinese grammar development.