中国农产品市场开放与贸易政策——技术性贸易壁垒的视角

中国加入世界贸易组织以后,严守承诺开放农产品市场,但农产品出口正在成为中美贸易摩擦的主要根源。选取棉花、小麦、稻米和大豆等四种主要农产品,通过测算技术性贸易壁垒,考察净出口波动、产出效率和补贴政策,对中美农产品市场开放程度和贸易政策展开比较分析后发现:美国凭借其生产技术和贸易制度设计上的优势地位,实施严格的技术规制来保护本国农产品市场,向生产者提供巨额补贴以巩固市场竞争力。由于生产技术落后和贸易规则制定话语权的缺失,中国农产品市场开放有背离本国农业发展水平的趋势,产业安全正遭受巨大冲击。中国正在成为新多边贸易体制的重要力量,为打破农产品贸易被动局面,中国应将发展中国家利益纳入贸易制度设计中去,增大补贴范围和补贴力度,提高农业生产技术水平,加强对贸易壁垒的防御能力。

The Opening of China’s Agriculture Market and the Trade Policy——From the View of Technical Barriers to Trade

Technical barriers to trade has posed a big threat to China’s agricultural produces export and is the main cause of the trade disputes between China and America.It is found that America making use of its advantages in production technology and the trade system,sets up strict technical regulation standards and substantial subsidies to protect its domestic market.Due to the lack of technology and the right of designing trade rules,industrial safety is being under threat.China should take more initiative and incorporate the interest of developing countries into the design of trade mechanisms.Also China should increase the range and intensity of fiscal subsidies,improve the technology of farm produces production and enhance the defensive ability of trade barriers.