朱熹对《孟子》“仁民而爱物”的诠释——一种以人与自然和谐为中心的生态观

朱熹推崇《孟子》的"仁民而爱物",并作了诠释,但是,如果由此简单地以为朱熹主张应当像对人之爱那样爱护自然万物,那是不确切的。像先秦儒家一样,朱熹强调"爱有差等",并且以"理一分殊"为依据;因而在朱熹看来,爱物与爱人是不同的。同时,朱熹又不是主张以人为中心,一切服从于人的需要,而是吸取了贾谊《新书》的观点,把"爱物"与对自然物的合理开发和利用结合起来,并且认为,应当尊重自然,根据不同自然物的特性,使万物各得其所;这实际上提出了一种以人与自然和谐为中心的生态观。

Notes and Commentary of Zhu Xi on the Concept of "Loving People,Then Loving Thing" of Mencius:A Sort of Ecological Idea Regarding Harmony between Human and Nature as a Center

Zhu Xi praised the concept of"loving people,then loving thing" of Mencius,and made the notes and commentary on it.However,it is not accurate to simply assume that Zhu Xi advocated loving all things in nature like loving people.Based on the concept of "Li-Yi-Fen-Shu",Zhu Xi emphasized Confucian saying "different levels of love",and thus thought that loving thing is different from loving people.At the same time,Zhu Xi was not in favor of human-centeredness advocating that all should be subject to human needs.He took Jia Yi’s viewpoint of his New Book,combining "loving thing" with the exploitation and use of nature,and thought that human should respect nature and treat natural things rationally according to their different characteristics.This actually raises a sort of ecological idea regarding the harmony between human and nature as a center.