欧盟碳排放交易制度:最新动向及对中国之镜鉴

欧盟排放交易体系是现今世界上规模最大的,也是唯一一个运行中的国家间、多行业排放交易体系。欧盟排放交易体系自2005年建立至今,已经历了两个阶段。为配合气候能源包裹政策确立的20-20-20目标,在第三阶段,欧盟排放交易体系对目标、涵盖行业、管制范围、配额分配模式、配额分配方法、信用抵消限制、"储备"的使用、拍卖收入的分配等进行改革。欧盟排放交易体系改革体现了自由政府间主义、多层次治理、外部协调性的特征。借鉴欧盟碳排放交易改革,中国碳排放交易体系的设计应以环境有效性、成本效益、经济灵活性为原则,基本因素包括法定管理机构、总量控制目标、实施数据、遵守期间、可流通的配额、碳"银行"、注册平台、监测和报告制度、遵守与罚则等。

EU Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme:Origins,Evolution and the New Development

The idea of emissions trading system originated in the United States,and EU ETS is now the largest and only inter-state running and multi-sector emissions trading system.Since its establishment in 2005,EU ETS has experienced two stages in line with the 20-20-20 goal of climate energy package;in the third stage,EU ETS will be reformed in the domains of target,sectors,the scope of regulation,quota allocation model,quota allocation method,the limit of offset credit,the use of "banking" and the distribution of auctions revenue.The reform of the EU ETS reflects the characteristics of liberal intergovernmentalism,multilevel governance and external coordination.China ETS should be designed on the principle of environmental effectiveness,cost-effectiveness and economy flexibility;the basic factors should include regulatory authorities,control objective,the period of implementation,tradable quotas,carbon "bank",registry platform,penalties,etc.