试论责令改正环境违法行为之制度归属——兼评《环境行政处罚办法》第12条

责令改正环境违法行为的教育性及救济性特征使其于环境保护具有特殊的意义,但同时使其陷于是否行政处罚的属性之争,相关理论及立法随之呈现混沌状态。2010年施行的《环境行政处罚办法》第12条拟采纳较为主流的"行政命令说"以平息争议,然而该规定所引致的诸多问题颇值得商榷。因此有必要在质疑该规定的基础上,从责令改正制度的价值及其实现这一原点出发,大胆设想将其定性为救济罚并纳入环境行政处罚体系,进而在必要性分析、可行性论证的基础上勾勒出建构的途径。

On the System Attribute of Ordering to Correct the Environmental Offense——Comment on Section 12 of Environmental Administrative Punishment Regulation

Ordering to correct the environmental offense has the characteristics of instruction and relief,which is unique in the field of environmental protection and leads to property disputes at the same time.Thus the legislation and theory become deranged.Section 12 of revised Environmental Administrative Punishment Regulation accepts the mainstream viewpoint of administrative order to quell the controversy.However,there are still many problems to be discussed.Therefore it is necessary to suspect the section.Starting with the value of the system of ordering to correct,the paper attempts to characterize it as relief penalty and bring it into environmental administrative punishment institutions,and then outlines the ways of construction on the basis of the necessary analysis and feasibility study.