生态、价值多元与民主

作为时代主题之一的生态问题,面临价值多元化的局面,多样化的生态价值观念带有各自的生态立场与诉求,在一定程度上表现出不可通约性和不可兼容性。面对生态价值观念的多元性,自由民主制度的偏好聚合模式存在缺陷,需要寻求另一种以偏好转换为核心的公共协商形式,协商民主在理论讨论和制度设计上有利于保护多元性的价值观念和提升生态敏感性。生态政治与民主政治之间可以相互促进,在宪法权利和公民社会两个领域对民主的绿化,将有效地提升民主制度对合理生态价值观念的关注度,并为与环境决策相关的公共协商创造更有利的条件,从而对环境的改善和民主质量的提升产生双赢的效果。

Ecology,Value Pluralism and Democracy

As one of the era themes,ecological problems are meeting with the pluralistic values.With the respective ecological positions and pursuits,the pluralistic ecological values represent the incommensurability and incompatibility to a certain extent.Faced with the ecological value pluralism,there are the limitations of the preference aggregation model in liberal democracy,which needs to be replaced with a public deliberation model in which the preference conversion is central.Based on the theoretical discussion and system design of deliberative democracy,it is beneficial to protect the pluralistic values and promote the ecological sensitivity.There will be mutual advance between the ecological politics and democratic politics.The greening of democracy in constitutional rights and civil society will upgrade the concentration on the reasonable ecological values effectively in the democratic system,and provide more advantageous conditions for the public deliberation related to the environmental decisions.Eventually,the environmental improvement and democratic quality are both promoted.