试论万历朝救荒专著的特点

明万历时期是明王朝走向崩溃的一个重要时期。救荒专著大量涌现体现时代的强烈需求,是自然环境与社会环境发生深刻变化的表现。专著的作者多为忧国忧民的士大夫,他们从灾荒的角度对当时的政治、制度、经济进行了深刻的反思,正是他们延缓了明王朝的覆亡。救荒专著本身具有目的明确、内容丰富,且救荒措施灵活变通的特点,但也存在逻辑简单的缺陷。历史证明它并不能解决加重灾荒的各种政治、社会问题。大量救荒专著勃兴本身似乎也在暗示着一个王朝的衰亡。

The Characteristics of the Monographs on Relief of Faminine During the Wan-li Period in the Ming Dynasty

The Wan-li period is a critical period for the Ming Dynasty's collapse.The appearance of large number of monographs on the relief of feminine indicates the urgent requirement of the period and the great changes in natural and social environments.The authors of the monographs were mostly scholars and officials who were worried about the nation and the people.They gave deep reflection on the policies,institutions and economy in view of feminine.It was these scholars and officials who delayed the collapse of the Ming Dynasty.The monographs are characterized by their definite purpose,substantial content and flexible measures on feminine relief despite the drawbacks of the oversimplified logic.History proves their ineffectiveness in solving the political and social problems that are the real cause of feminine.The appearance of the great number of monographs on feminine relief itself suggests the decline and fall of a dynasty.