国民经济各部门水资源消耗及用水系数的投入产出分析——2002年投入产出表系列分析报告之五

 摘　　要:本研究以2002年投入产出表为基础，并结合水资源公报、中国环境年鉴等统计资料，对2002年我国国民经济各部门水资源消耗进行了投入产出分析，这是对2002年投入产出表的重要应用之一。本研究结合2002年投入产出表，编制了2002年度国民经济各部门用水分析投入产出表；计算出各部门的用水量及相应的用水系数，并分析了各部门之间的用水相关关系；计算了产品的输入输出对水资源使用的具体影响。主要结论：（1）水资源消耗较大的部门为农业、电力热力生产供应业、化学工业等部门；（2）各部门完全用水系数的差距相对直接用水系数较小，食品制造业、住宿餐饮业等部门对水资源消耗的间接拉动较大；（3）我国水资源出口结构仍不够合理，水资源紧张局势总体上进一步恶化。

Input-Output Analysis of Water Resources Consumption and Water Input Coefficient in National Economic Sectors:the Fifth of Researching Report Series on Input-Output Tables of 2002

On the basis of the input-output table of 2002, this paper analyses the water resources consumption of national economic sectors in 2002, referring to China Water Resources Bulletin and China Environment Statistical Yearbook. The research is an important application of input-output table of 2002. The paper establishes the input-output table of water consumption in 2002, and then calculates the quantity of water consumption and the relevant water input coefficients. After that, it analyses the relationship of water consumption between different sectors, and accounts how the imports and exports influences the consumption of water resources. The main results are as follows: Firstly, the sectors of agriculture, electricity, steam and hot water production and supply, chemicals consume most of water resources; Secondly, the disparity of total water input coefficient for different sectors is smaller than direct water consumption coefficient, and manufacturing of food products and accommodation and food serving services consume indirectly more water resources than other sectors. Thirdly, the structure of exports of water resources is still unreasonable, and the condition of water resources is being deteriorated.