返回历史视野，重塑社会学的想象力:中国近世变迁及经史研究的新传统

从康有为到王国维和陈寅恪，中国现代思想变局的两次浪潮，确立了经史研究的新传统。康有为对《春秋》三世说的重解，旨在通过现代变革重塑大同理想，通过确立新的宗教教化化育民情，从而实现从据乱世到升平世的过渡。王国维藉社会科学之综合演绎方法，以《殷周制度论》等著作“以史治经”，确立了周代立制之源及成王周公所以治天下之意，从制度、民情乃至思想精神入手，重塑中国文明之本源、制度精神之普世价值。陈寅恪所治“不古不今之学”，则从中古史出发，运用历史研究的“总汇贯通之法”，考证中古之思想和风俗流变，构建出一部胡汉杂糅、各教混融、民族迁徙与文化融合的历史场景。

Back to Historical Views,Reconstructing the Imagination of Sociology: New Tradition of Classical and Historical Studies in Modern Chinese Transformation

Historical perspectives are the way to reconstruct the imagination of sociology, as classical sociologists did. There are many historical dimensions in Karl Marx’s social studies: dialectical analysis on history of nature; structural perspective on prehistory of the present and history of the present; reconstructed narratives of historical events; and finally, evolution of family, ownership, state, and social formations. In the same sense, in order to understand the reality of Chinese sociey, we’d better examine the transformation of modern Chinese social thoughts and their contexts. By re interpreting theory of the Three Eras from classics Spring and Autumn Annals, Kang Youwei proposed that the establishment of the Idea of Cosmos Unity as the universal value for world history and the building of Confucius Religion for cultivation of mores had resulted in the successful transformation of Chinese society from Era of War to Era of Peace. On the contrary, Zhang Taiyan upheld the tradition of “Six Classics are all Histories”, and pushed forward the academic change from classics to history, which was carried out by Wang Guowei and Chen Yinke. Through the method of synthetical deduction in social sciences, Wang Guowei interpreted classics by history in the work of Institutional Change in Yin and Zhou Dynasty, confirming the original principle of Zhou Regime and Etiquette on basis of patriarchal clan system, and its spirit of law, mores and institutions. On the other hand, Chen Yinke investigated thoroughly the Middle Age of Chinese history from perspective of concourse and inter attestation, and outlined a historical landscape of interfusion between Hu and Han nationalities, mixing of various religions, migration of diverse crowds, and integration of different cultures and mores. In short, there are two waves of change of thoughts in Chinese modern transformation, which set up the new tradition of Classical and Historical Studies, and institutional and spiritual sources of social and political construction from then on.