从“社会网”到“社会资本”——建立大学生就业支持体系的实践与思考

我国已进入高等教育大众化阶段，这是我国高等教育的进步。但经济快速发展的同时出现大学生就业难现象就需要深思。对此，许多学者从不同学科视角作了阐释，而社会学更善于用整体的视野来分析问题，其中社会网理论被广泛运用于求职和城乡适应等领域，显示了切实的解释力。在描述、分析实践的基础上，建构社会网模型。用直观的形式指出，与大学生就业相关的主体有五个，即政府、企业、学校、家庭与学生自身。促进大学生就业的路径有两条：一条是现实中的，建立各主体之间相互关联的支持网；一条是观念中的，提升公平正义、教育体制改革、政府调控、价值塑造等广义社会资本。从现实到观念，从社会网到社会资本就成为促进大学生就业，建立大学生就业支持体系的应然选择。而这与我国“小政府、大社会”的转型方向也是相一致的。

From ＂Social Network ＂to ＂ Social Capital ＂ --Setting up University Student Employment System Practice and Its Thinking

China has already entered the popular stage of higher education. It needs thinking deeply that the economy develops fast along with university students getting employed difficuldy. Many scholars from different disciplines angles give their explanations on this issue. This paper points out that through theory analysis and practice review ,there are rice subjects relevant to university student employment： government, enterprise, school, family and student ; There are two ways to promote university student employment： One is to set up the interrelated support network between every main body and the other is to enhance the broad social capital such as fair justice, educational reform, government adjust and control. The processes from reality to idea and from social network to social capital become the right choice to promote university student to obtain employment, which is also consistent with the China＇s transformation of ＂small government, big society＂ .