家庭经济地位与教育期望之间关系的实证研究

个体早期教育期望对于其未来教育地位具有重要影响。在前人对地位获得模型的研究基础上，以中国教育追踪调查数据CEPS（2013～2014基线数据）为样本，以中学生为研究对象，采用多元线性回归以及二元逻辑斯蒂线性回归方法，探讨了家庭收入对青少年教育期望的影响。研究发现:出生于家境贫寒的青少年，其教育期望年限更高，更期望上大学，希望接受硕士、博士等精英化教育；在职业教育与大学本科教育的选择中，家庭收入的影响不显著，表明青少年并没有因为其家庭条件不好就降低对自我的教育期望，选择进入次优的大学专科教育。研究结果表明，贫穷不一定导致青少年较低的教育期望，反而正是这种艰苦的家庭条件，对青少年起到了激励作用，使其对改变家庭命运、实现向上流动具有更强的信念，希望通过接受更高层次的教育，实现阶层的跃迁；对此的政策蕴含在于要积极创造条件，帮助寒门学子超越自身及家庭的不利条件，使之获得力争上游、实现高等教育梦的机会，促进社会合理有序的流动。

Empirical study on the relationship between family economic status and educational expectation

Individuals’ early educational expectations have an important impact on their future educational status. On the basis of previous research on status acquisition model, taking Chinese educational tracking survey data CEPS (baseline data from 2013 to 2014) as the sample and middle school students as research objects, the influence of family income on adolescents’ educational expectations was discussed by using multivariate linear regression and binary logic Steele linear regression method. The research found that adolescents who were born in poor families had higher educational expectation, were more eager go to college and hoped to receive the elitist education of master, doctor and so on; in the selection of vocational education and undergraduate education, the impact of family income was not significant, indicating that adolescents didn’t lower their educational expectations for themselves because of their poor family conditions and choose to enter a second-best college education. The results show that poverty does not necessarily lead to lower educational expectations of adolescents, on the contrary, it is this hard family conditions that motivates adolescents to make them more confident to change the fate of family, achieve upward mobility and have the stronger belief. They hope to achieve social transition by accepting higher education; the policy implication of this lies in actively creating the conditions to help the students from poor families to surmount the unfavorable conditions of themselves and their families, so that they can gain the opportunity to strive for the upper reaches, realize the dream of higher education, and promote the rational and orderly flow of society.