TPP国有企业的定义对中国国企分类改革的启示

当中国加入TPP后，国有企业将受TPP竞争中立规则的规制，国有企业产权结构优化、提高企业合规性等改革与TPP竞争中立规则的适用性成为中国推进国有企业混合所有制改革需要关注的重要问题。在对TPP第17.1条的协定文本进行文义解释的基础上，归纳TPP国企界定的标准，并结合国企分类改革的相关政策性文件，分析TPP国企定义对国企分类改革的启示。研究认为，充分竞争类国企更可能被TPP认定为国有企业，应优化股权结构，即将此类国企的国资比例设置为国有资本相对控股或国有资本参股，直至实现国有资本的完全退出；鼓励设置优先股，严格限制金股、复数表决权股等特殊管理股制度在充分竞争类国企的适用，以弱化国家股的绝对表决权地位，达到合理规避TPP竞争中立规则的目的。

Inspiration of the definition of TPP stated owned enterprises for the reform of classification of Chinese stated owned enterprises

State owned enterprises were regulated by competitive neutrality rules of TPP after China entering TPP. The optimization of the property right structure of state owned enterprises, the improvement of compliance of enterprises and the applicability of TPP competitive neutrality rules became an important issue for China to promote the reform of state owned enterprises mixed ownership. On the basis of the literal interpretation of the agreement text of article 17.1 of TPP, standards of the definition of TPP state owned enterprises were inducted. Combined with the relevant policy documents of the reform of classification of stated owned enterprises, inspiration of the definition of TPP stated owned enterprises for the reform of classification of stated owned enterprises was analyzed. Research shows that fully competitive state owned enterprises are more likely to be identified as the TPP state owned enterprises. Equity structure should be optimized, which means that the proposition of state owned assets of state owned enterprises is set as relative state owned holding or state run equity participation, until state owned capital is completely withdraw; the set of preferred stock is encouraged, and the application of special stock management system such as gold shares, plural voting shares and so on in the fully competitive state owned enterprises is strictly restricted, in order to weaken the absolute voting status of state shares and reasonably avoid competitive neutrality rule of TPP.