绿色发展理念推动下中国绿色专利制度的构建

针对专利制度与绿色技术的关系问题，通过对中国相关专利法律法规文本的分析，发现现有专利制度仍以技术中立为基本价值，并未体现对绿色技术的引导与激励，绿色专利制度尚未建立，从理论探源、法理依据分析及国际实践经验比较 ３个维度对构建绿色专利制度进行探讨。研究认为，无论从绿色技术与生态文明建设的关系出发，还是从绿色专利制度对绿色经济促进作用的视角，绿色发展理念的提出进一步凸显了中国绿色专利制度构建的必要性；同时，绿色发展理论是在可持续发展的基础上进一步提出与完善的，强调规律性与目的性统一发展，涉及社会、经济、政治、生态、文化各方面，为绿色专利制度构建提供了直接的理论依据；对比分析美国、英国和日本等国家缩短专利审查时间、为绿色专利申请提供条件和经费便利、并运用强制许可制度等绿色专利制度经验，结合中国法律制度现状及经济转型需求，建议中国尽快构建绿色专利制度以与国际接轨；中国绿色专利制度的构建应当包括“绿色标准”作为绿色专利授权实质条件的确立、绿色专利审查特别程序的增加、绿色专利强制许可制度的特殊设计、绿色专利创造激励机制的设立与绿色专利实施监督机制的配套等 ５个核心环节，其中绿色专利强制许可制度的设计需在激励与限制之间把握最佳的利益平衡点，并制定专门的绿色专利强制许可办法，与《中华人民共和国专利法》中的普适性规定相呼应。

Construction of Chinese green patent system under the concept of green development

By aiming at the problem of relationship between patent system and green technology, and analyzing Chinese relevant patent laws and regulations, this paper found that the existing system was still based on technical neutrality and didn’t reflect guidance and inspiration of green technology. And green patent system hasn’t been established; in view of this, this paper discussed construction of green patent system from three dimensions: theoretical source, analysis of legal basis and comparison of international practice. Research shows that proposition of green development further highlights the necessity of construction of green patent system in China, whether it is started from relationship between green technology and construction of ecological civilization, or from the perspective of green patent system promoting green economy; at the same time, green development theory is further put forward and perfected on the basis of sustainable development. It emphasizes the unified development of regularity and purpose, and involves social, economic, political, ecological and cultural aspects, which provides a theoretical basis for construction of green patent system; by comparative analysis of the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries which shorten patent examination time, provide conditions and funding for green patent applications, and use compulsory license system and other green patent system experience, this paper suggests that China should build a green patent system as soon as possible so as to gear to international standards with the combination of present situation of Chinese legal system and demand of economic transformation; construction of Chinese green patent system should include “green standard” as the establishment of substantive conditions of green patent licensing, the increase of special procedures for green patent examination, the special design of green patent compulsory license system, the establishment of incentive mechanism for green patent creation and the development of supervision mechanism for green patent implementation. Among the five core links, the design of green patent compulsory license system needs to grasp the best balance of benefits between incentive and restriction, and makes special green patent compulsory license measures to correspond with the patent law of the People’s Republic of China.