试论中国古代宗教崇拜对象及天人关系之演变

中国古代宗教的崇拜对象是在特定的自然环境和人文环境下 ,从原始宗教发展而来 ,主要是“人”对抽象的“天”进行崇拜。后来 ,在儒道两家的批评和改造下 ,其崇拜对象逐渐由“神灵之天”向“义理之天”、“命运之天”以及“自然之天”演变。与之相应的天人关系 ,也由“天人相分”到“天人相通”,直至最后发展到“天人合一”的最高精神境界。

On the Evolvement of Chinese Ancient Religion Worship Objects and the Relationships between Tian and Ren

The worship objects of Chinese Ancient Religion came into being in the specific natural environments and humanistic circumstance. At first, the abstract "Tian" was human main worship object. Afterwards, with the criticism and alteration of the Confucianism and the Taoism, the worship objects of Chinese Ancient Religion gradually evolved from "the manitou's Tian" to "the morality and logos' Tian", "the destiny's Tian" and "the nature's Tian". Along with the processes, the relationships between Tian and Ren also changed from "the separation between Tian and Ren" to "the communication between Tian and Ren", and finally to the most highly spirit bourne of "the syncretism of Tian and Ren".