论清代祭典制度

清朝定鼎中原后大量吸收中原传统的祭祀文化,并且保留了满族固有的祭祀特点,使其形成一整套祭祀制度。其中的大祭、中祭、群祭,包括:祭天地,祈谷,雩祭,祭太庙,祭社稷,祭孔子,祭天神,地祇,太岁,祭日月,祭历代帝王,祭先农,祭先蚕,祭关帝,祭文昌帝君,祭先医、贤良、昭忠等。堂子祭天包括:元旦拜天礼,出征凯旋拜天礼,月祭拜天礼,立杆大祭礼,浴佛祭天礼,马祭等。祭祖陵是清朝礼制中的重要内容。家祭包括:皇帝家祭,亲王世子、郡王家祭,贝勒、贝子、宗室公家祭,品官家祭,庶士家祭,庶人家祭等。

On the Sacrifice System of Qing Dynasty

After taking over the central plains of China,the Qing Dynasty absorbed a large amount of traditional sacrifice culture in the area and preserved the accepted Manchu tradition in sacrifice,forming a comprehensive set of sacrifice system,which included large-scale sacrifice,medium-sized sacrifice and mass sacrifice of diversified contents.Among them,offering sacrifices to their forefathers' tombs was an important part.