现实主义传统中的“国家至上”原则

“国家至上”,作为近代欧洲的一种现实主义外交原则,形成于17世纪的法国。它在法国及欧洲的实践,推动了欧洲中世纪大一统国际体系的瓦解和近代国际体系的形成,并开启了以现实主义原则指导近代欧洲外交的传统。在理论层面,“国家至上”原则对现实主义发展影响深远,主要表现在三个方面:它标志着民族国家被确立为现实主义理论的基本分析单元;它为“国家利益”原则的形成提供了早期观念形式;它催生了近代欧洲均势外交的共识,进而有力地促进了均势理论的发展。

Raison D'état Principle in Realist Tradition

Raison D'état, as a realist foreign relations principle in modern Europe, was formed in France in the 17th century. Its practice in France and Europe, promotes the dissolving of medieval universality of international order and the forming of modern international system. It also opens up a European foreign tradition that uses realism as a guide. On the theory etical level, Raison D'état principle has deep effects on realism in three aspects: It marks that nation-state is confirmed as a basic unit of analysis in realism; it provides an earlier concept form for later “national interest” principle, and it results in the consensus of balance of power in foreign policy, so as to drive forword the development of balance of power theory.