交通需求的顽固增长与合理归位--组团式城市空间结构、哑铃式拥堵及治理

不同于单中心城市的“圈层式拥堵”，以重庆市为代表的组团式城市交通拥堵的空间特点是“哑铃式拥堵”，但有向“圈层式拥堵”发展的不良趋势；空间利用过密及单质化倾向、产业布局分散、职住分离、城镇化快速推进、汽车消费过度及其顽固性必然引致交通需求的顽固增长。组团式城市交通拥堵治理的方向应是产业聚集与组团特质相结合：维持、优化城区特有的组团特质，在组团空间内部形成关联产业群聚集并实现组团服务功能的融合，避免组团间的交通便利化导致的产业分散布局，组团间使用大容量交通进行连接，形成 TOD 式“城市交通—城市组织”的空间串联组合，最终形成不同产业归位于不同组团、关联产业群及其人群归位集聚于一个组团、产业与组团和谐共生的合理城市布局。

Obstinate Increasing and Reasonable Locating of Traffic Demand:Clustered Urban Spatial Structure,Dumbbell-Style Congestion and Management

Unlike ring structure style congestion of mono-centric city,the spatial characteristic of clustered urban traffic congestion represented by Chongqing is “dumbbell-style”,but there is the tendency of ring structure style congestion.Excessively “intensive”and “high”space utilization,scattered industry layout,separation of living and working place,excessive consumption of vehicles inevitably result in obstinate increasing of traffic demand.The clustered urban traffic congestion management should combine industry agglomeration and cluster characteristics, i.e.,to maintain and optimize cluster characteristics exclusive to city;to develop correlative industry agglomeration and cluster and to integrate cluster service function avoiding scattered industry layout caused by transportation facilitation among clusters;to develop tandem type spatial combination of TOD urban traffic-urban organization with greater capacity transportation connecting clusters;finally different industries should be located in different clusters,and correlative industry clusters and their people should be located in one cluster with harmonious co-exsitance of industries and clusters.