基于无缺陷退货的网上销售易逝品供应链协调模型

本文针对网上在线销售易逝品的无缺陷退货现象，考虑了供应链的最优订购协调问题。利用一个两阶段动态规划来描述动态市场环境下网上销售商的两次订购行为，在假定在两个销售阶段都发生无缺陷退货现象的前提下，分别建立了集中和分散决策模型，同时设计了价格保护契约以实现供应链的协调运作。最后，利用数值仿真得出了一些重要的管理启示。通过研究发现：（1）当不确定性较大时，网上销售商需要在第1阶段多订购产品以应对需求风险，因此导致了较低的系统期望利润。并且，需求的不确定性越大，供应链协调越有价值。（2）当第1阶段或第2阶段退货率或两阶段退货率都增加时，两个阶段的最优订购量均减小。（3）对于需求波动性较高的产品，顾客的退货率越小或者可服务退货率越大，价值越高（即对供应链系统期望利润的提高越显著）。

Supply Chain Coordination Model for Perishable Product Through Online Sales with False Failure Returns

Based on the phenomenon of false failure returns at online sales, the optimal ordering coordination issue for perishable product is studied in this paper. A two-period dynamic programming is employed to depict the two-ordering behavior of the online retailer. The centralized-and decentralized-decision models are respectively developed under the assumption that the false failure returns happen in each period, and a price protection contract is proposed to realize the supply chain coordination. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the model and some management insights are put forward as well. From the research of the model, the following can be obtained: (1) the online retailer needs to order more products in the first period in response to the demand risk when the demand variability increases, which leads to a lower profit of the system. Moreover, coordination is more valuable when demand variability is higher. (2) As either the return rate of the first period increases or the return rate of the second period increases, or do both, the first-period and second-period order quantities will decrease. (3) A smaller customer return or a larger serviceable return rate is more valuable for the channel when demand variability is higher.