《论语》:孔子弟子博弈之成果——兼谈战国后期儒家八派之争及荀卿的态度

在《论语》形成过程中,孔子不同弟子及后学发挥了不同作用,围绕儒家领导权和《论语》阐释权,孔子弟子及后学在战国末期发生过激烈斗争。美国学者Bruce Brooks和Teako Btooks认为《论语》不是一次性短期成书的,而是经历了一个相当长的时期,是层累地形成的。在《论语》中,有孔子弟子及后学的篡改和删削的痕迹,也有弟子之间相互倾轧的某些信息。本文在此基础上对孔门四科十哲与曾参和儒家八派的关系做了清理,对荀卿敌视子思孟轲派和子张子夏子游三派的原因做了分析。最后批评了对待《论语》的三种不负责任的看法,提倡一种客观理性的态度。

"The Analects": A Group Work Confucius' Disciples Achieved in Conflict——Also on the Conflict of the Eight Confucian Schools in the Late Warring States Period and Xun Qing's Attitude

The paper mainly studies the different functions of Confucius' disciples and their followers as well as the intense ideological struggle with Confucian leadership and the right of interpretation of"The Analects"among Confucius' disciples and their followers in the late Warring States Period.With the Agreement on the American scholars Bruce Brooks and Teako Brooks' opinions,the paper holds that"The Analects"was not a short-term product,but accumulated during a long period.Confucius' disciples and their followers have all contributed to the revision of the book.the paper also retains the traces of the disciples' jostling against each other.More importantly,it makes clear the relationship among four Confucian subjects and ten figures and analyzes the reasons why Xun Qing is hostile to the school of Tzu-si and Meng-ke and the school of Tzu-zhang,Tzu-xia and Tzu-You.Furthermore,three irresponsible attitudes towards"The Analects"are criticized and an objective one is appreciated.