孔子德论与中国哲学认识和把握世界的基本理路

孔子的“德”直接来源于“道”。如果说在孔子哲学中“道”是宇宙人生的外在之理,那么,“德”就是人把握了外在之理以后所形成的内在之性,“行”则是把人的内在之性实现出来的路径。从外在之理(“道”),到内在之性(“德”、“仁”),再到内在之性的对象化(“行”),是中国哲学认识和把握世界的基本理路。

Confucian theory of "De" and the line of reasoning through which Chinese philosophy understands and masters the world

“De” in Confucianism comes directly from “Dao.” In the Confucian philosophy, while “Dao” is understood as the external truth of life in the universe, “De” is to be perceived as the inner nature that people cultivate after they grasp the external truth and “act” in the way in which people realize their inner nature. The theorization from the external truth (“Dao”)to the inner nature (“De” and “Benevolence”) and then to the objectification of the inner virtue (“act”) is the basic line of reasoning through which Chinese philosophy understands and masters the world.