形势引发动机需要成就批评——社会心理学视阈下马修·阿诺德的文学与文化观

维多利亚时期英国社会重物质、轻文化的发展状况为马修.阿诺德提供了广阔的批评空间。从社会心理学的角度来看,这种批评空间不仅使他在认知上形成了独特的文化视角,在行为上促使了文学与文化系列评著的问世,在态度上也体现了"先天下之忧而忧"的文化焦虑。正确认识这种批评动机的影响,对理解阿诺德的批评理论有非常重要的意义。

Conditions Triggering Motivation Necessity Contributing to Criticism： Matthew Arnold＇s View on Literature and Culture from the Perspective of Social Psychology

The social situation concentrating on more material than culture in Victorian England provided Matthew Arnold with enough critical room. From social psychological perspective, this critical room resulted in the unique cultural angle of the recognition of his society. Arnold＇ action made a series of critical works of literature and culture in reality. His attitude reflected his ＂first worry＂ - cultural anxiety. To know the influence of Arnold＇ s critical motivation is of great impor- tance for us to understand his critical theory.