宅基地制度改革与当代乡村建设模式构建

乡村建设不仅依赖国家资源下乡，而且需要有效的宅基地制度供给。围绕乡村建设的宅基地制度基础，形成了开禁宅基地流转和强化公共治理两种不同的改革路径。从广大中西部地区的实践看，在用地规模和边界确定的背景下，乡村建设的重点是村庄空间的重新布局，涉及村庄规划及其有效执行，面临基层宅基地管理困境，适用于公共治理路径。可行的破解之道是以宅基地制度改革为契机，激活县乡村治理，从产权再造、二元共治和制度规约三个方面切入，形成有效的宅基地管理体系。在此基础上，基层村庄的乡村建设目前取得积极效果，基本形成“规划先行、村社主体、资源下乡”的乡村建设模式，低成本、高效率地实现乡村建设目标。

The Reform of Homestead System and the Establishment of Rural Construction Model with Contemporary Characteristics

Rural construction not only depends on national resources,but also on effective homestead system.Based on the homestead system of rural construction,two different reform paths have been formed:opening homestead circulation and strengthening public governance.From the practicein the vast central and western regions,with clear land scale and boundary,the focus of rural construction is the re-layout of village space,involving village planning and effective implementation.Although it faces the dilemma of grass-roots homestead governance,it is applicable for public governance.Taking the opportunity of the reform of homestead system,we have activated county-township-village governance,and formed an effective homestead governance system from three aspects:property right reconstruction,dual co-governance and system regulation.On this basis,the construction of rural grass-roots villages has achieved remarkable results,forming a characteristic rural construction model of "planning first,village community being the subject,and resources going to the countryside",achieving the goal of rural construction at low cost and with high efficiency.