论自然体权利及其保护

自然体权利能否在环境法中确认，是近几年来环境法学界一直探讨的话题。传统法学囿于人类中心主义的偏见，从权利、义务和法律关系理论否认自然体权利的存在。党的十九大报告中提出的“人与自然是生命共同体”理念从人与自然整体性视角重新解读自然体的主体性地位，为自然体权利的法律化进程提供了理论依据。针对我国自然体权利在法律规范上的缺失，借鉴国外自然体权利保护实践经验，我国应以自然互惠原则、风险预防原则为基础，以代理制度、公共信托制度、公众参与制度为实践方式，注重自然体受到损害时的补救，提倡自然法庭，构建人与自然生命共同体的自然权利观的中国方案。

On the Rights of Nature and Their Protection

Whether the rights of nature can be confirmed in environmental law is a topic that has been discussed in the field of environmental law in recent years.Limited by the prejudice of anthropocentrism,traditional jurisprudence denies the existence of the rights of nature from the theory of rights and obligations and legal relations.In the report of the 19th CPC National Congress,it is put forward that "man and nature are the concept of life community",which reinterprets the subjective status of nature from the perspective of the integrity of human and nature and provides a theoretical basis for the legalization of the rights of nature.In view of the lack of legal norms of the rights of nature in our country and drawing lessons from the practical experience of foreign countries in the protection of the rights of nature,and based on the principles of natural reciprocity and risk prevention,China should adopt the agency system,public trust system and public participation system in practice,attaching importance to the remedy when the natural objects are damaged,advocating nature court,and constructing the Chinese way to build the concept of the rights of nature in the community of human and natural life.